IMAGE PROCESSING ELECTIVES DECEMBER 2007 ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION SEMESTER 8

IMAGE PROCESSING ELECTIVES DECEMBER 2007 ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION SEMESTER 8

Con.5857-07.                              (REVISED COURSE)                                    CD-7206

                                                          (3 Hours)                                    [Total Marks:-100]

N.B:- (1) Question No.1 is compulsory.
          (2) Answer any four out of remaining six questions.
          (3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
          (4) Assume suitable data if necessary.

1) Justify/Contradict following statements(Any five):- [20 Marks]
    (a) For digital image having salt and pepper noise median filter is the best.
    (b) Continuous image histogram can  be perfectly equalized, but it may not be so for Digital Image.
    (c) Run length coding always gives data compression.
    (d) Quality of picture depends on number of pixels and gray levels that represent the picture.
    (e) All image compression techniques are invertible.
    (f) Magnitude and determinant of unity Transform is unity.

2. (a) Gray level Histogram of an image is given below:- [10 Marks]

Gray Levels	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
No of pixels	0	0	26	39	16	84	20	0

                 

         
          Compute Gray Level Histogram of the output image obtained by enhancing the input by
          histogram equalization technique.
    (b) Assume that edge starts in the first row and ends in the last row for the following gray
          image. [10 Marks]  
               5   6   1
               6   7   0
               7   1   3
         Sketch all possible paths and determine edge corresponding to minimum cost path.

3. (a) Explain basic principles of detecting following in the images. [10 Marks]
           (i) Lines   (ii) Points   (iii) Edges
         Give 3x3 mask for each of them and explain their operation.
    (b) Find Huffman code for the following six symbols. The symbols and their probabilities are
          given in tabular form.    

Symbol	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
Probability	0.1	0.4	0.06	0.1	0.04	0.3

4. (a) Explain the following techniques [10 Marks]
          (i) Arithmetic Coding   (ii) Bit plane coding
    (b) Explain method of segmentation of images by region splitting and merging. [10 Marks]

5. (a) Explain Replication and Linear Interpolation method of zooming. Apply these techniques
         to following image and obtain zoomed image
             
    (b) Show that 2D-DCT of an image can be computed by row and column passes with
          1D DCT algorithm. [10 Marks] 

6. (a) For 2x2 transform A & Image U [10 Marks]

              

         Calculate transformed Image V & the basic image.
    (b) Prove two Dimensional Energy Conservation relation. [10 Marks]

              

          Where f(x,y) represent 2D Image signal and F(u,v) represent transform image  

7. Write short notes on (any four) [20 Marks]
     (i) Uniform and Nonuniform sampling.
     (ii) Fourier Descriptor
    (iii) Chain Code
    (iv) Descrete Fourier Transform
    (v) Connectivity of pixels      

Computer Simulation and Modeling (CSM) Semester 7 (3 Hours) December 2007

Computer Simulation and Modeling (CSM)  Semester 7 (3 Hours) December 2007
N.B:	(1)	Question no 1 is compulsory.
	(2)	Attempt any four question out of remaining six questions.
1.	(a)	Elaborate the steps in simulation study. Why is it necessary to have program and process documentation?	10
	(b)	Discuss simulation application in any one of the following system :   (i) Check-out counter at supermarket   (ii) Banking system   (iii) Passenger flow analysis in an Airport terminal.	10
2.	(a)	Define Event, Event notice, Event list, Activity, Delay and Clock. What is boot strapping? Compare event scheduling, process interaction and activity scanning algorithms.	12
	(b)	Give the input parameters, simulation variable, output statistics for the queueing system. Calculate the output statistics for the queueing system whose interarrival and service times for ten arrivals are given below :   Interarrival time : 8 6 1 8 3 8 7 2 3   Service time : 4 1 4 3 2 4 5 4 5 3	08
3.	What are the costs associated with inventory system ? Describe the inventory system when -		20
	(a)	Lead time is zero
	(b)	Lead time is independent of demand.
	(c)	Lead time is dependent on demand.
4.	(a)	State the conservation equation. Discuss the long-run measure of performance of the queueing system, Vilz., Time average Number in system L and Average time spent in system per customer, W.	10
	(b)	Give the equation for steady state parameters of M/G1 queue and derive M/M/1 from M/G/1.	10
5.	(a)	How would you generate random numbers to test the reliability of a system? State the hypothesis for testing the property of random numbers. What do you understand by level of significance?	10
	(b)	By using lnverte Transform Techanique which of the distributions random variates can be generated? Develop a random-variate generated for a random variable X with the p.d.f.   f(x) = { e2x, -∞ < x ≤ 0 } e-2x, 0 < x < ∞	10
6.	(a)	Suggest a distribution for the following in the computer assembly shop :   (i) Number of defective chips found in a lot of n chips.   (ii) Number of computer chips that we must inspect to find 5 defective chips.   (iii) Time to assemble a computer which is the sum of the times required for each          assembly operation.   (iv) Time to failure for a disk drive.   (v)  If the mimimum, most-likely and maximum time required to test a product is         known Explain quintile plot and state its use.	10
	(b)	What do you understand by model verification and validation ? How would you validate input-output transformation of a model?	10
7.	(a)	State the effect of initialization bias in steady state simulation and how can the effect be reduced.	10
	(b)	Draw the block diagram of any case study in Manufacturing and Materials Handling simulation. Suggest performance measures.	10